The Civilizing Process spread not only downward along the socioeconomic scale but outward across the geographic scale, from a Western European epicenter. We saw in figure 3-3 that England was the first to pacify itself, followed closely by Germany and the Low Countries. Figure 3-8 plots this outward ripple on maps of Europe in the late 19th and early 21st centuries.

FIGURE 3-8: Geography of homicide in Europe, late 19th and early 21st centuries

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